The recent scientific breakthroughs in genetics have lead to a thriving stem cell industry transforming the way medicine is practiced. This article discusses these developments and presents a case study of Russian research institute in St. Petersburg which is doing state of the art stem cell trials providing successful treatment of blood vessel disease and Ibone fractures. The potential impact of stem cell technology on regenerative medicine is discussed, the potential convergence of nanoparticle science and its contribution to stem cell research is discussed, and the dynamics of the stem cell industry is presented