RitR is an archetype for a novel family of redox sensors in the streptococci that has evolved from two-component response regulators and is required for pneumococcal colonization

Glanville, D. G., Han, L., Maule, A. F., Woodacre, A., Thanki, D., Abdullah, I. T., Morrissey, J. A., Clarke, T. B., Yesilkaya, H., Silvaggi, N. R. and Ulijasz, A. T. (2018) RitR is an archetype for a novel family of redox sensors in the streptococci that has evolved from two-component response regulators and is required for pneumococcal colonization. PLoS pathogens. 14(5), pp. 1-41. 1553-7366.

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Item Type:	Article
Abstract:	To survive diverse host environments, the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae must prevent its self-produced, extremely high levels of peroxide from reacting with intracellular iron. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) by which the pneumococcus accomplishes this balance remains largely enigmatic, as this pathogen and other related streptococci lack all known redox-sensing transcription factors. Here we describe a two-component-derived response regulator, RitR, as the archetype for a novel family of redox sensors in a subset of streptococcal species. We show that RitR works to both repress iron transport and enable nasopharyngeal colonization through a mechanism that exploits a single cysteine (Cys128) redox switch located within its linker domain. Biochemical experiments and phylogenetics reveal that RitR has diverged from the canonical two-component virulence regulator CovR to instead dimerize and bind DNA only upon Cys128 oxidation in air-rich environments. Atomic structures show that Cys128 oxidation initiates a "helical unravelling" of the RitR linker region, suggesting a mechanism by which the DNA-binding domain is then released to interact with its cognate regulatory DNA. Expanded computational studies indicate this mechanism could be shared by many microbial species outside the streptococcus genus.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, Cysteine/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics, Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism, Ion Transport/physiology, Iron/metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Repressor Proteins/metabolism, Response Elements/physiology, Signal Transduction, Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics, Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics, Transcription Factors/metabolism, Virulence/genetics
Creators:	Glanville, David G, Han, Lanlan, Maule, Andrew F, Woodacre, Alexandra, Thanki, Devsaagar, Abdullah, Iman Tajer, Morrissey, Julie A, Clarke, Thomas B, Yesilkaya, Hasan, Silvaggi, Nicholas R and Ulijasz, Andrew T
Faculties, Divisions and Institutes:	Faculties > Faculty of Health & Society > Sports, Exercise & Life Sciences Research Centres > Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences
Date:	11 May 2018
Date Type:	Publication
Page Range:	pp. 1-41
Journal or Publication Title:	PLoS pathogens
Volume:	14
Number:	5
Number of Pages:	41
Language:	English
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007052
ISSN:	1553-7366
Status:	Published / Disseminated
Refereed:	Yes
Related URLs:	https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/public...
URI:	http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/id/eprint/13010

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