Unfair But Not Unsafe? Rethinking Trial Fairness - R v Shortt [2024] EWCA Crim 1041

This case note examines the Court of Appeal’s decision in R v Shortt [2024] EWCA Crim 1041, which upheld a conviction for drug offences despite significant concerns regarding judicial conduct during trial. The appellant challenged his conviction on grounds that the trial judge’s summing up, interventions, and antagonistic behaviour towards defence counsel compromised the fairness of the trial. The Court conducted a detailed review of trial transcripts and audio recordings, identifying several instances where the judge lost temper and intervened sharply, including inappropriate public rebukes and analogies undermining defence arguments. However, the Court ultimately concluded these lapses did not cumulatively render the trial unfair, noting defence counsel remained effective and the jury was not materially prejudiced. This judgment highlights the delicate balance courts must strike between robust trial management and maintaining judicial impartiality. It reinforces established legal principles that fairness requires more than the correctness of a verdict; it depends on the integrity of the trial process itself. The case raises critical questions about judicial temperament, the cumulative impact of judicial interventions, and the boundaries of fair trial rights under Article 6 ECHR. R v Shortt serves as a cautionary example of how judicial conduct, while not always optimal, may fall short of appellate interference absent clear prejudice.