Hitchman, G. A., Sherwood, S. J. and Roe, C. A. (2015) The influence of latent inhibition on performance at a non-intentional precognition task. Explore: the Journal of Science and Healing. 11(2), pp. 118-126. 1550-8307.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Abstract: | Context: Many spontaneous cases of extra-sensory perception (ESP) seem to occur without the conscious intent of the experient to manifest any anomalous phenomena. Indeed, Stanford's psi-mediated instrumental response (PMIR) theory, which frames ESP as a goal-oriented function, goes as far as to suggest that such intent may be counterproductive to psi. Objectives: The present study was the latest to build on the successful paradigm developed by Luke and colleagues in testing the non-intentional psi hypothesis and potential covariates of psi task success. This study focused on the ability of latent inhibition—an organism's cognitive tendency to filter out apparently irrelevant information—to predict an individual's sensitivity to psi stimuli. Method: A total of 50 participants completed a two-part auditory discrimination performance measure of latent inhibition; a battery of questionnaires; and a 15-trial, binary, forced-choice, non-intentional precognition task. They were then either positively or negatively rewarded via images from subsets that they had pre-rated, seeing more images from their preferred subsets the better they performed at the psi task and vice versa. Results: Participants scored a mean hit rate of 7.96 [mean chance expectation (MCE) ¼ 7.50], which just failed to reach a statistically significant level, t(48) ¼ 1.62, P ¼ .06, one-tailed, ESr (effect size correlation) ¼ 0.23. However, latent inhibition was found to be unrelated to participants' precognitive performance. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Extra-sensory perception, non-intentional precognition, latent inhibition |
| Subjects: |
B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology > BF1228 Spiritualism > BF1321 Extrasensory perception B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology > BF1228 Spiritualism > BF1431 Precognition B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology > BF1001 Parapsychology. Psychic research. Psychology of the conscious |
| Creators: | Hitchman, Glenn A, Sherwood, Simon J and Roe, Chris A |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| Faculties, Divisions and Institutes: |
University Faculties, Divisions and Research Centres - OLD > Research Centre > Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes University Faculties, Divisions and Research Centres - OLD > School of Social Sciences (to 2016) University Faculties, Divisions and Research Centres - OLD > Faculty of Health & Society > Psychology Faculties > Faculty of Health & Society > Psychology Research Centres > Centre for Psychology and Social Sciences |
| Date: | March 2015 |
| Date Type: | Publication |
| Page Range: | pp. 118-126 |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Explore: the Journal of Science and Healing |
| Volume: | 11 |
| Number: | 2 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2014.12.004 |
| ISSN: | 1550-8307 |
| Status: | Published / Disseminated |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| References: | 1. Rhine LE. ESP in life and lab. New York: Macmillan; 1967. 2. Broughton R. Parapsychology: The controversial science. New York: Ballantine; 1991. 3. Broughton R. An evolutionary approach to anomalous intuition. Paper presented at: The Bial Foundation 8th Symposium; April 7–10 2010; Porto, Portugal. 4. Stanford RG. An experimentally testable model for spontaneous psi events I: Extrasensory events. J Am Psychical Res. 1974; 68: 34–57. 5. Stanford RG. Conceptual frameworks of contemporary psi Research. In: Wolman BB, ed. Handbook of parapsychology. London: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1977; 823–858. 6. Stanford RG. An experimentally testable model for spontaneous extrasensory events. In Grattan-Guiness I, ed. Psychical Research: A guide to its history, principles and practices. UK: Aquarian Press; 1982; 195–205. 7. Stanford RG. An experimentally testable model for spontaneous psi events: A review of related evidence and concepts from parapsychology and other sciences. In: Krippner S, ed. Advances in parapsychological research Vol. 6. Jefferson, NC: McFarland; 1990; 54–167. 8. Luke DP, Delanoy D, Sherwood SJ. Psi may look like luck: Perceived luckiness and beliefs about luck in relation to precognition. J Psychical Res. 2008; 72: 193–207. 9. Luke DP, Roe C, Davison J. Testing for forced-choice precognition using a hidden task: Two replications. J Parapsychol. 2008; 72: 133–154. 10. Luke DP, Morin S. Luck beliefs, PMIR, psi and the sheep-goat effect: A replication. Paper presented at: The Society for Psychical Research 33rd International Conference; September 4–6 2009; Nottingham, UK. 11. Hitchman GA, Roe CA, Sherwood SJ. A re-examination of nonintentional precognition with openness to experience, creativity, psi beliefs and luck beliefs as predictors of success. J Parapsychol. 2012; 76: 109-145. 12. Hitchman GA, Roe CA, Sherwood SJ. The relationship between lability and performance at intentional and non-intentional versions of a PMIR-type precognition task. J of Parapsychol, under review. 13. Lubow RE. Latent inhibition and conditioned attention theory. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1989. 14. Eysenck HJ. Creativity as a product of intelligence and personality. In: Saklofske D, Zeidner M, eds. International handbook of personality and intelligence: Perspectives on individual differences. New York: Plenum Press; 1995; 231–247. 15. Goldberg LR. A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower facets of several five-factor models. In:Mervielde I, Deary I, De Fruyt F, Ostendorf F, eds. Personality Psychology in Europe Vol. 7. Tilberg: Tilberg University Press; 1999; 7-28. 16. Peterson JB, Carson S. Latent inhibition and openness to experience in a high-achieving student population. Pers Indiv Differ. 2000; 28: 323–332. 17. Peterson JB, Smith KW, Carson S. Openness and Extraversion are associated with reduced latent inhibition: Replication and commentary. Pers Indiv Differ. 2002; 33: 1137–1147. 18. Palmer J. Winning over the scientific mainstream. J of Parapsychol. 2009; 73: 3-8. 19. Lubow RE, Ingberg-Sachs Y, Zalstein-Orda N, Gewirtz JC. Latent inhibition in low and high “psychotic-prone” normal subjects. Pers Indiv Differ. 1992; 15: 563–572. 20. Bem DJ. Feeling the future: experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect, J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011; 100: 407-425. 21. Gow AJ, Whiteman MC, Pattie A, Deary IJ. Goldberg’s IPIP Big-Five factor markers: Internal consistency and concurrent validation in Scotland. Pers Indiv Differ, 2005; 39: 317-329. 22. Bem DJ. Precognitive habituation: Replicable evidence for a process of anomalous cognition. Paper presented at: The Parapsychological Association 46th Annual Convention; August 2-4 2003; Vancouver, Canada. 23. Lang PJ, Greenwald MK. International affective picture system standardisation procedure and results for affective judgement, Technical reports 1A-1C. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Centre for Research in Psychophysiology; 1993. 24. BPS. Code of ethics and conduct: Guidance published by the Ethics Committee of the British Psychological Society. Leicester: The British Psychological Society; 2009. 25. Baruch I, Hemsley DR, Gray JA. Differential performance of acute and chronic schizophrenics in a latent inhibition task. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988; 176: 598–606. |
| URI: | http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/id/eprint/7481 |
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